Kitzmann, K. M., Gaylord, N. K., Holt, A. R., & Kenny, E. D.2014-09-162014-09-162003Kitzmann, K. M., Gaylord, N. K., Holt, A. R., & Kenny, E. D. (2003). Child witnesses to domestic violence: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 71(2), 339-352.http://thelackthereof.org/docs/library/wst/Kitzmann,%20Katherine%20et%20al%3A%20Child%20Witness%20to%20Domestic%20Violence%3A%20A%20Meta-Analytic%20Review.pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11212/1719This meta-analysis examined 118 studies of the psychosocial outcomes of children exposed to interparental violence. Correlational studies showed a significant association between exposure and child problems (d = -0.29). Group comparison studies showed that witnesses had significantly worse outcomes relative to nonwitnesses (d = -0.40) and children from verbally aggressive homes (d = -0.28), but witnesses' outcomes were not significantly different from those of physically abused children (d = 0.15) or physically abused witnesses (d = 0.13). Several methodological variables moderated these results. Similar effects were found across a range of outcomes, with slight evidence for greater risk among preschoolers. Recommendations for future research are made, taking into account practical and theoretical issues in this area. (Author Abstract)en-USchild abusedomestic violencefamily violencechild witnessexposure to violencemeta-analysisreview articleArticle